House of Beaufort - Wikipedia During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Chtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. The Castilians refused to offer battle and the Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. It is earliest associated with Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296) (the younger son of King Henry III) whose third son John of Lancaster (1286-1317) was called "Seigneur of Beaufort". The adulterous relationship endured until 1381, when it was ended out of political necessity.[17]. (There may have been a second Swynford daughter.) 1st Duke of Lancaster. He was most famous for signing the Magna Carta in 1215, and for losing the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, thus receiving his nickname Lackland. [12], John's final campaign in France took place in 1378. 140-145. From then until 1377, he was effectively the head of the English government due to the illness of his father and elder brother, who were unable to exercise authority. He was also an esquire of John of Gaunt,[2] and an extremely close friend to Queen Anne of Bohemia. This is the famous portrait of John of Gaunt, thought to be a copy of one taken from life. Son of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. Jordana Brewster (born April 26, 1980) is an American actress and model. This rumour, which infuriated him, may have been inspired by the fact that Edward III had not been present at his birth.[4]. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. famous descendants of john of gaunt - wsdc.du.ac.in A large part of John's army had succumbed to sickness, however, and when the invasion was mounted, they were far outnumbered by their Portuguese allies. The affair apparently took place before John's first marriage to Blanche of Lancaster. He owned land in almost every county in England, a patrimony that produced a net income of between 8,000 and 10,000 a year,[7] equivalent in 2023 to c.170 213 million in income value, or 3.5 4.4 billion in relation to gdp.[8]. The Beaufort family originated in the illegitimate issue of John of Gaunt by his then-mistress Katherine Swynford. Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. Their children were given the surname "Beaufort" after a former French possession of the duke. Questions raised over Queen's ancestry after DNA test on Richard III's The Beauforts suffered heavily in the Wars of the Roses. London: Nichols & Son, 1826. John Beaufort had already been created Earl of Somerset in 1397. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade Galicia, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. 3 (11thed.). John Tilley, Joan (Hurst) Rogers, Elizabeth Tilley, John Howland, Thomas Rogers, Joseph Rogers, Richard Warren, William Brewster and his wife, Mary, Edward Doty, James Chilton, Susanna Furner, Mary Chilton, William White, Susanna Jackson, and Resolved White. An adjacent chantry chapel was added between 1399 and 1403. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He mediated between the king and a group of rebellious nobles, which included Gaunt's own son and heir-apparent, Henry Bolingbroke. [2][3] As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal House of Lancaster, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. Katherine Swynford is best known as the mistress, and then wife, of John of Gaunt, whose whole life was riddled with scandal. These sources are attached to each ancestor so that you can personally judge their reliability. Meanwhile, in England, war had nearly broken out between the followers of King Richard II and the followers of Gloucester. John invested the town for four days in October, but he was losing so many men to dysentery and bubonic plague that he decided to abandon the siege and return to Calais. The English destroyed the shipping in St. Malo harbour and began to assault the town by land on 14 August, but John was soon hampered by the size of his army, which was unable to forage because French armies under Olivier de Clisson and Bertrand du Guesclin occupied the surrounding countryside, harrying the edges of his force. [18] There was organised opposition to his measures and rioting in London; John of Gaunt's arms were reversed or defaced wherever they were displayed, and protestors pasted up lampoons on his supposedly dubious birth. John (1362-1365) was the first-born son of John and Blanche of Lancaster and lived possibly at least until after the birth of his brother Edward of Lancaster in 1365 and died before his second brother another short lived boy called John in 1366. After Blanche's death in 1368, shortly after the birth of her last child, John married, in 1371,Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of KingPeter of Castile, giving him a claim to theCrown of Castile. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. is descended from. Beset on all sides by French ambushes and plagued by disease and starvation, John of Gaunt and his raiders battled their way through Champagne, east of Paris, into Burgundy, across the Massif Central, and finally down into Dordogne. FamousKin.com About Me Married to: Sir Oliver St John, of Bletsoe; 14251437. Marching in winter across the Limousin plateau, with stragglers being picked off by the French, huge numbers of the army, and even larger numbers of horses, died of cold, disease or starvation. His vast estates made him the richest man in England, and his great wealth, ostentatious display of it, autocratic manner and attitudes, enormous London mansion (the Savoy Palace on the Strand) and association with the failed peace process at Bruges combined to make him the most visible target of social resentments. From 1367 to 1374 he served as a commander in the Hundred Years War (13371453) against France. John was left isolated (even the Black Prince supported the need for reform) and the Commons refused to grant money for the war unless most of the great officers of state were dismissed and the king's mistress Alice Perrers, another focus of popular resentment, was barred from any further association with him. However, John's ascendancy to political power coincided with widespread resentment of his influence. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the royal arms of the kingdom (Quarterly, France Ancient and England), differenced by a label of three points ermine. [10] After this event, the Black Prince gave John the lieutenancy of Aquitaine and sailed for England, leaving John in charge. John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, include Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. Only John's intervention in the political crisis succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. Joan's many descendants include the Dukes of York, Warwick the "Kingmaker", the Dukes of Norfolk, the Dukes of Buckingham, the Earls of Northumberland, and Catherine Parr, the last queen of Henry VIII. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, France moderne, 2nd and 3rd England[16]. 'Old John of Gaunt, time-honour'd Lancaster' John of Gaunt (1340-1399) was the son of one king and the father of another. On his return from France in 1374, John took a more decisive and persistent role in the direction of English foreign policy. Successor: Henry IV Bolingbroke, King of England (2nd Duke of Lancaster and of Aquitaine) "John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. John had to give up on his ambitions in Spain and hurry back to England in 1389. Blanche (13591388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381 and had no children. Son of: Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond and Lady Margaret Beaufort. The Beaufort Yale, an heraldic beast used as supporters of the escutcheon; The Forget-me-Not flower (Myosotis sylvatica), a reference to the heraldic motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 18:29. Chaucer retorts that "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. John (13661367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future. He claimed a Spanish kingdom via his wife, daughter of King Pedro. (#3815) FamousKin.com. Daughter of: John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset and Margaret Beauchamp. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times (Husee to Lincolnshire). In 1386 John departed for Spain to pursue his claim to the kingship of Castile and Leon based upon his marriage to Constance of Castile in 1371. Though he attempted to defend the duchy against French encroachment for nearly a year, lack of resources and money meant he could do little but husband what small territory the English still controlled, and he resigned the command in September 1371 and returned to England. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. Married to: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond; 14551456. Alison Weir dispels the myth of a scheming enchantress and reveals her to be a most influential figure of the 14th century . For my birthday, I gave my mom to friends. Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII. Royal Descendants of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt - HubPages But even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any funds for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) 2. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of King Robert II of Scotland until the crisis was over.[22]. Although Philippa died c. 1387, the men were bound as brothers and Lancaster's children by Katherine - John, Henry, Thomas and Joan Beaufort - were Chaucer's nephews and niece. However, mistrust remained, and some suspected him of wanting to seize the throne himself. [citation needed], From 1394 through 1395, he was forced to spend nearly a year in Gascony to shore up his position in the face of threats of secession by the Gascon nobles. Constance died in 1394. For example, his ship, the Dieulagarde, was seized and bundled with other royal ships to be sold to pay off the debts of Sir Robert de Crull, who during the latter part of King Edward III's reign had been the Clerk of the King's Ships, and had advanced monies to pay for the king's ships. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. He was faced with military difficulties abroad and political divisions at home, and disagreements as to how to deal with these crises led to tensions among Gaunt, the English Parliament, and the ruling class, making him an extremely unpopular figure for a time. Only John, on his return to England in 1389, succeeded in persuading the Lords Appellant and King Richard to compromise to usher in a period of relative stability. Blanche died on 12 September 1368 at Tutbury Castle, while her husband was overseas. Fit for a King (or Queen): the British Royalty Quiz, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-of-Gaunt-duke-of-Lancaster, Spartacus Educational - Biography of John of Gaunt, English Monarchs - Biography of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, John of Gaunt - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [23] He impaled his arms with those of the Spanish kingdom. John is noted for his signing of the Magna Carta. The phrase "long castel" is a reference to Lancaster (also called "Loncastel" and "Longcastell"), "walles white" is thought to likely be an oblique reference to Blanche, "Seynt Johan" was John of Gaunt's name-saint, and "ryche hil" is a reference to Richmond; these thinly veiled references reveal the identity of the grieving black knight of the poem as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Richmond. Prior to her widowhood, Katherine had borne at least two, possibly three, children to Lancastrian knight Sir Hugh Swynford. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. There is, however, evidence that he may occasionally have used this second marshalling at earlier dates. (1929). Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) His birthplace, Ghent in Flanders, then known in English as Gaunt, was the origin of his name. He was the third son of Edward III, who became Duke of Lancaster through his marriage to Blanche. His other legitimate descendants include his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter (by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster), and Queen Catherine of Castile (by his second wife Constance of Castile). Trending; Presidents; TV/Film/Stage; . Shortly after the army returned to Portugal, John of Gaunt concluded a secret treaty with John of Trastmara under which he and his wife renounced all claim to the Castilian throne in return for a large annual payment and the marriage of their daughter Catherine to John of Trastmara's son, Henry. Through his daughter Philippa, he was grandfather of King Edward of Portugal and an ancestor of all subsequent Portuguese monarchs as well. Chaucer married Philippa (Pan) de Roet in 1366, and Lancaster took his mistress of nearly 30 years, Katherine Swynford (de Roet), who was Philippa Chaucer's sister, as his third wife in 1396. CODICIL TO THE SAID WILL Item. 12 NOVEMBER 1910, Page 16 . Allrightsreserved. John of Gaunt received most of the blame for the debcle.[13]. Catherine (1372-1418), married King Henry III of Castile (1379-1406) In 1371, John married Infanta Constance of Castile, daughter of King Peter of Castile, thus giving him a claim to the Crown of Castile, which he would pursue. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of John of Gaunt (1340-1399) to other famous people. The links are visible today in the Town & Manor-owned John O'Gaunt Inn on Bridge Street,[45] the John O'Gaunt School on Priory Road,[46] as well as various street names. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399)/descendants - Familypedia The known names of these children are Blanche and Thomas. However, he did not immediately return to the province, but remained in England and mainly ruled through seneschals as an absentee duke. After the death in 1376 of his older brother Edward of Woodstock (also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer John Wycliffe,[15] possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. London: The St. Catherine Press, p.409, note (f), See his arms with baton sinister in his portrait, Cokayne, G. E. & Geoffrey H. White, eds. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Afonso of Portugal (1390-1400) 3. While John of Gaunt had gambled on an early decisive battle, the Castilians were in no hurry to join battle, and he began to experience difficulties keeping his army together and paying it. Not enough ships could be found to transport the horses, and the expedition was tasked with the more limited objective of capturing St. Malo. If I die out of London I desire that the night my body arrives there, that it be carried direct to the Friars Carmelites in Fleet Street, and the next day taken strait to St. Paul's, and that it be not buried for forty days, during which I charge my executors that there be no cering or embalming my corpse; I will that my executors pay all my debts, excepting the debts for the army, which my beloved brother the Duke of York incurred in Portugal, of which before God and all the world I hold myself free; I desire that chauntries and obits be founded for the souls of my late dear wives Blanch and Constance, whom God pardon; to the said altar of St. Paul's my vestment of satin embroidered, which I bought of Courtnay, embroider at London, certain lands and tenements in London, of which the reversion is purchased, rendering xx marks a year to Dame Katherine del Staple for her life, and I desire that during her life she be paid out of the rents of the Manor of Bernoldwyk, in the county of York; to the prisons of Newgate and Ludgate, in London C marks, to be divided between them; to my most dear wife Katherine, my two best nouches which I have, excepting that which I have allowed to my Lord and nephew the King, and my large cup of gold which the Earl of Wilts gave to the King my Lord, and which he gave me on my going into Guienne, together with all the buckles, rings, diamonds, rubies, and other things, that will be found in a little box of cypress wood, of which I carry the key myself, and all the robes which I bought of my dear cousin the Duchess of Norfolk, also my large bed of black velvet, embroidered with a circle of fetter-locks, and garters, all the beds made for my body called in England "trussing beds," my best stay with a good ruby, my best collar, all which my said wife had before her marriage with me, also all the goods and jewels which I had given her since my marriage; to my Lord and nephew the King the best nouche which I have on the day of my death, my best cup of gold which my dear wife Katherine gave me on New Year's Day last, my gold saltcellar with a garter, and the piece of arras which the Duke of Bourgoyne gave me when I was at Calais; to my dear brother the Duke of York, a gold cup and cover; to my dear son Henry, Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby, two of the best pieces of arras, one of which was given me by my Lord and nephew the King, and the other by my dear brother the Duke of Gloucester, whom God pardon, when I lately returned from Spain, also a chain of gold of the old manner, with the name of God in each part, which my most honored Lady and mother the Queen, whom God pardon, gave me, commanding me to preserve it, with her blessing, and I desire that he will keep it with the blessing of God and mine; to my dear daughter Philippa, Queen of Portugal, my second best stay of gold, and a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Katherine, Queen of Castile and Leon, a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter, my white bed of silk, with blue eagles displayed, and my best nouche after those before given; to my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, a dozen saucers, &c.; to the Reverend Father in God and my dear son the Bishop of Lincoln, a dozen saucers, &c. and my missal, and my portheus, which belonged to my Lord and brother the Prince of Wales, whom God preserve; to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, their brother, a dozen saucers, &c.; to my dear daughter, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil, a silk bed, and a cup and cover of gold; to my dear Henry, eldest son of my dear son the Duke of Hereford, a gold cup; to my dear son John, brother to the said Henry, a gold cup; after all my debts are paid, and restitution made to all who have been injured by me or my servants, on my account, I desire that my executor pay to the Minister of Bury one thousand pounds; to my said wife Katherine two thousand pounds; to my said son the Duke of Hereford one thousand pounds; to my said son the Marquis one thousand pounds; to my said son Thomas Beaufort one thousand marks; "a mon tres chere bachelier" Monsr. About Me. [16] As de facto ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the Savoy Palace. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall. (1911). [8] [9] Though he is always called "John of Gaunt", it is a name he was never called in his own lifetime after the age of three when he received his first title. All U.S. Presidents Are Related -12 Year Old Girl Discovers That All Occupation: royal consort, heiress; second wife of John of Gaunt, first Duke of Lancaster. When Edward the Black Prince, Gaunt's elder brother and heir-apparent to the ageing Edward III, became incapacitated due to poor health, Gaunt assumed control of many government functions, and rose to become one of the most powerful political figures in England. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. Probably John's most notable feat of arms occurred in AugustDecember 1373, when he attempted to relieve Aquitaine by the landward route, leading an army of some 9,000 mounted men from Calais on a great chevauche from north-eastern to south-western France on a 900-kilometre raid. The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. George Washington Family Group | John of Gaunt - Famous Kin SOURCE: Wikipedia All subsequent kings of Portugal were thus descended from John of Gaunt. [5] Following Gaunt's death in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the Crown, and his son Henry, now disinherited, was branded a traitor and exiled. Constance died in 1394. By the middle of November, the survivors of the sickly army returned to Calais, where the Earl of Warwick died of the plague. When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown, since King Richard II had named Henry a traitor and changed his sentence to exile for life. Because of his rank, John of Gaunt was one of England's principal military commanders in the 1370s and 1380s, though his enterprises were never rewarded with the kind of dazzling success that had made his elder brother Edward the Black Prince such a charismatic war leader. "White" is the English translation of the French word "blanche", implying that the white lady was Blanche of Lancaster.[27]. In faith of which I have placed hereto the seal of my arms, and also my own signet, which I always carry myself, in the presence of the following witnesses: Maistre John Kenyngham, Doctor in Theology; Sir John Newton, Parson of the Church of Burbach; Sir Walter Piers, Parson of the Church of Wymondham; William Harpeden, and Robert Symeon, Esquires; and by John de Bynbrok, of the Diocese of Lincoln, Notary. Page 16, 12 November 1910 THE DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. After the death in 1376 of his older brother Edward of Woodstock (also known as the "Black Prince"), John of Gaunt contrived to protect the religious reformer John Wycliffe, possibly to counteract the growing secular power of the church. Children Upon the death of his father-in-law, the Duke of Lancaster, in 1361, John received half his lands, the title "Earl of Lancaster", and distinction as the greatest landowner in Northern England as heir of the Palatinate of Lancaster.
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