Hyaluronic acid binds 1,000 times its weight in water, says Dr. Gilbert. 2019;11(3):681. With regular and correct use, youll see noticeable results like brighter skin and fading dark spots. in journalism and a minor in womens, gender, and queer studies from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Hannah Frye is the Assistant Beauty Editor at mindbodygreen. An error has occurred. Here are 12 dos and donts for cleansing your face the right way. Derm DMs: Why Do I Have Dry Skin Around My Mouth? Thats why topical vitamin B3 (known as niacinamide) is the best way to make sure your skin can reap this vitamins full benefits. It is published by the Personal Care Product Council. We don't have description for this ingredient yet. That being said, introducing new skincare products and ingredients into your routine isnt always easy. Once youve given your vitamin C serum a moment or two to absorb into the skin, its time to layer on your hyaluronic acid serum. It gives tired skin a fresh and rejuvenated look with its waterless formulation and 35% vitamin C content. sodium ascorbyl phosphate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, etc.) (2008). One of our favorite rich, hydrating face creams that doesnt feel greasy on the skin is the, Victoria Moorhouse | skincare.com by L'Oral. You can use them alternatively in AM PM routine. Retinoid or retinol? Vitamin C and skin health. This multitasking ingredient also addresses acne and uneven skin tone. If your skin is happy with the combination, then you can use them together. We avoid using tertiary references. This rich and creamy formula, powered by 0.3% retinol, penetrates deep into the skin speeding up cell turnover and diminishing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. The evidence that RP is still an effective anti-aging ingredient is not very strong, in fact, it's weak. Retinol ensures that your skin can both look and feel its best by supporting the regular turnover process! It can be used to combat conditions like acne and can target areas of pigmentation. Some retinoids, like tretinoin and Tazorac, are stronger and thus require a prescription. WebYou can and should combine all three skincare ingredients in your routine, Dr. Gilbert says. Your morning skincare routine isnt complete without sunscreen. The conversion is a 3 step one and looks like this: retinyl palmitate --> retinol -- > retinaldehyde --> all-trans-retinoic acid. Retinol products are notoriously pricey, which is why finding this high-quality, affordable serum feels like striking gold. This powerhouse serum contains niacinamide, omega fatty acids, hibiscus oil and vitamin B3. Ready for bed? You must go and read our geeky detailsabout it.). The key is to start slow and work your way up so you dont cause skin irritation. As your skin cells die and make way for new ones in a process called skin cell turnover, the dead skin cells can build up on the surface of your skin. Aging is a natural part of life, so getting a wrinkle or two is normal as you get older. The 13 Best Moisturizers for Dry Skin of 2023, The Best Retinol Creams You Can Buy Without a Prescription, Got adult acne? Retinol and niacinamide both work wonders for your skin, but they work even better together. It is usually used as a helper ingredient to adjust the pH of the formula. (2004). Thank you. When you wake up in the morning, finish your skincare routine with a high factor UVA and UVB protective SPF. A super common emollient that makes your skin feel nice and smooth. Niacinamide also has great pore size reducing properties, as well as the ability to lighten pigmentation and discolouration. To better understand oxidative stress, we need to discuss free radicals. Not every ingredient is pals with each other, and some may even negate the others benefits. Health.com uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. The L'Oral Paris Revitalift Derm Intensives 1.5% Pure Hyaluronic Acid Serum locks in moisture to replenish skin and help prevent premature signs of aging. One of the active parts ofChamomile that is used in skincare as a nice anti-inflammatory and soothing ingredient. WebThe Vitamin C Concentrated Serum with Hyaluronic Acid is an effective product to use during the day. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This site is for U.S. consumers. These side effects may be a deal breaker for some. Unit C16, The Exchange, Calmount Business Park, Ballymount, Retinol is thought by dermatologists to be the most effective cosmeceutical rejuvenating ingredient, Dr. Craig Kraffert, a board-certified dermatologist, previously told TZR. A form of skincare superstar, vitamin C.Even though we are massive vitamin C fans, Ascorbyl Palmitate (AP) is our least favorite. Here, some notable benefits of retinol: So now you know what retinol and vitamin C do for the skin separately, but what happens when you combine them? So, the last thing you want to do is further deprive your skin of moisture. Retinol is strong stuff. We do a Best of INCIDecoder email once a month with the most interesting products and ingredients we bump into. Can you use the oil drops in am I use Lancme serum of a morning routine would drops go under serum or over please many thanks Pam. (Btw, if you do not know whatthe big deal with vitamin C is then you are missing out. Retinol isnt just for those with acne-prone or mature skin anyone can use a retinol. When used in skincare formulations, vitamin C can make a major difference in your skin tone and hyperpigmentation. Fetal retinoid syndrome. The addition of the omega fatty acids helps to restore the skins natural moisture barrier, locking in hydration, a great attribute when also applying retinol. For any kind of cleanser to work its best magic, you need to be gently washing your skin for 60 seconds. By supporting healthy levels of oil production, you can tackle those stubborn pimples at their source. but theres less research to support Please try again later! Further, whether or not you use a retinoid, make it a daily habit to use a broad As for cosmetics, the CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) concluded that the amount of BHT used in cosmetic products is low (usually around 0.01-0.1%), it does notpenetrate skin far enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream and it is safeto use in cosmetics. What could be more appealing than fresh, unblemished, youthful-looking skin? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3673383/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4562654/, https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/health-disease/skin-health/vitamin-C, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699641/, In the evening, retinol will be your go-to active. | American Academy of Dermatology, Photodecomposition and Phototoxicity of Natural Retinoids | PMC. Both of these ingredients have a worthy place in your skin care routine but should be used separately. We recommend using a micellar water, like the, Garnier SkinActive Micellar Cleansing Water. As we wrote in our lengthy retinol description the problem is that the conversion is not terriblyeffective. Together, these actives encourage a radiant, smooth, and even complexion. Vitamin C is accompanied by plumping hyaluronic acid as well as vitamin E, which works to stabilize the formula and hydrate the skin. But you may find benefits in collagen-like peptides, which are smaller and can help enhance the smoothness of your skin. Niacinamide is the more popular term for this ingredient, but you may also see it listed as nicotinamide. 15 Retinol Facts That You Probably Didnt Know. Not only does the vitamin C improve the overall appearance of the skin, but the added hyaluronic acid leaves the skin fully moisturized. It can be used to combat conditions like acne and can target areas of pigmentation. With a high-strength 1% retinol concentration, this potent and encapsulated formula hydrates and delivers anti-aging benefits with a controlled-release delivery system to allow for even, consistent absorption. A very common emollient that makes your skin feel nice and smooth. Second, a study that examined the skin absorption of vitamin C found that ascorbyl palmitate did not increase the skin levels of AA. When using hyaluronic acid and retinol, apply retinol first, then hyaluronic acid. Retinol has some amazing benefits, one of them being it speeds up skin cell turnover, which in turn reduces fine lines and wrinkles. 1. One of the hot ingredients on the current anti-aging market is retinol. You should use retinoids cautiously, as they may interact with other skincare products irritating your skin. If you ever see nicotinamide listed in an ingredients list, just know its the same thing as niacinamide! Packed with 20% more of Olay's Retinol Complex, this potent formula smooths wrinkles and evens the complexion. Retinoids get the job done by exfoliating your skin and unclogging your pores. Healthy levels of collagen mean firmer-looking and more youthful skin! , which helps protect the skin from discoloration caused by pollution and has been shown to visibly increase radiance in 10 days. This cult-favorite vitamin C serum also has vitamin E for healing, witch hazel for toning, and hyaluronic acid for moisture. Both treatments target the top layer of skin cells, which can become super fragile when using retinoids that encourage cell turnover. You shouldnt use any acids alongside retinol, whether its alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids or poly-hydroxy acids; theyre all a big no no in the skincare rule book! By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. But does this mean youll get less wrinkles? cut the healing time for acne. Drugs Context. Dr. Mariwalla says its a great idea to use both a retinoid- and So, if your pure vitamin C product begins turning brown or orange over time when exposed to light, its oxidizing and losing efficacy. Dr. King suggests this powerful serum. Supporting cell turnover helps your skin replace affected skin cells with newer, unaffected skin cells. "Products with acids can be used during the daytime and retinoids at night," explained Dr. Jaliman. What's more, the anti-aging effectiveness is not the only questionable thing about RP. Without an intact skin barrier, your bodys moisture would completely evaporate into the environment. A power duo: niacinamide and retinol While both are great on their own, niacinamide and retinol It seems that there is a study showing RP being photo protective against UVB rays but there is also a study showingRP causing DNA damage and cytotoxicity in association with UVA. It, provides your skin with fabulous moisture. Good to Know: By allowing plenty of time between the application of retinol and vitamin C, even those with sensitive skin can avoid irritation. It also exibitsquestionable behaviour in the presence of UV light and was the center of a debate between the non-profit group, EWG (whose intentions are no doubt good, but its credibility is often questioned by scientists) and a group of scientists and dermatologists lead bySteven Q. Wang, MD, director of dermatologic surgery at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre. WebRetinol is a standard ingredient in many anti-aging creams and treatments. What Ingredients or Products Don't Mix Well With Retinoids? Hello, But new "studies show that combining retinol with vitamin C or another antioxidant may help stabilize it, King says. Retinol Correxion Max Daily Hydration Retinol Cream. Wear sunglasses or a wide-brimmed hat to protect your skin when you are in the sun. Plus, its totally vegan, cruelty-free, and comes in recyclable packaging. Even if it can beconverted, the palmitate part of the molecule is more than the half of it, so the efficacy will not be good and we have never seen a serum that contains a decent (and proudly disclosed) amount of AP. Enter your email to receive the latest news and skin care tips from Shani Darden Skin Care. Have you ever felt like lately, your wrinkles and fine lines have been popping up seemingly overnight? Its the first line of defense in your bodys immune system.. Because retinol can cause skin sensitivity to sunlight, its better to apply it at night and follow with broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day. While the retinol visibly plumps the skin and supports collagen production, the hyaluronic acid helps skin retain soothing moisture. You can get vitamin B3 from dietary sources such as various meats, eggs, dairy products, and whole grains. Salicylic acid, retinol, and niacinamide can be safely used together but may lead to dry skin when used too frequently. Hi Debs, first Retinal, and then the Daily Hydro-Drops Also, dont forget the SPF! If possible use it at night, just to be on the safe side. While the concerns about mixing the two ingredients tend to be vastly overstated within the beauty community, people with more sensitive skin will want to monitor and examine their skin more closely. It is there in lots of products in tiny amounts (honestly, we do not really understand why), however, we do not know about any vitamin C serum featuring AP in high amounts. It may be pricey, but you will be getting a bang for your buck with this multitasking face oil. Because of this, many refer to it as time-release technology; the retinol takes more time to start working rather than immediately releasing its benefits on the surface of the skin upon application., That being said, although micro-encapsulated retinols work in the deeper layers of the skin, Yadav believes you also need to treat the surface layers as well. Retinol is extremely unstable and has a tendency to destabilize in presence of oxygen, light, and even at certain pH formulas, Krupa Koestline, clean cosmetic chemist and founder of KKT Consultants, previously told TZR. Compared to the pure form it's more stable, has longer shelf life, but it's also more poorly absorbed by the skin. (2017). According to famous dermatologist, Leslie Baumann while tocopheryl acetate is more stable and has a longer shelf life, its also more poorly absorbed by the skin and may not have the same awesome photoprotective effects as pure Vit E. It's an ester form of vitamin A (retinol + palmitic acid) that belongs to the "retinoid family". In general, vitamin C is suitable for the daytime while retinol is better at night. Unsubscribe any time. If youre new to the ingredient, start by using SkinCeuticals Retinol 0.3 just once or twice a week and increase frequency over time, if needed. This will help reduce irritation. An ester form of vitamin A (retinol + palmitic acid) that is pretty much the least effective member of the retinoid family. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. American Academy of Dermatology Association. By using this product the morning after you apply retinol the night before, youll prevent the breakdown of collagen and elastin, pigmentation and wrinkles, helping your skin look youthful and radiant. Blemishes typically occur when hair follicles get clogged up and irritated. We think that the truth lies somewhere in the middle, and we agree with Dr. Baumann's conclusion: "sufficient evidence to establish a causal link between RP and skin cancer has not been produced. Vitamin C contains magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, which helps your skin retain moisture and stay hydrated. Here's a quick breakdown, if you'd like to see the routine all planned out: Vitamin C and retinol are most often found separately since they are each potent actives in their own right, but some formulas do combine both steps into one. It works to improve the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and also brightens the skin with a synergistic antioxidant combination of 15% pure vitamin C (L A whopping 15% dose of vitamin C helps to brighten the complexion and protect from environmental stressors throughout the day. Does Having Oily Skin Mean Ill Get Less Wrinkles? Retinol & AHAs. We recommend the CeraVe Hydrating Sunscreen, a tinted formula thats infused with ceramides and niacinamide. , making it feel hydrated and look dewy. Hyaluronic acid is gentle and can be used on all skin types, including sensitive. Your skin barrier is the outermost layer of your epidermis, and its essentially just ceramides that are glued together to create a solid layer., Your skin barrier is important for two reasons. If you still arent sure where to begin, schedule a virtual consultation with one of our skincare experts!, Nicotinic Acid/Niacinamide and the Skin | National Library of Medicine, Retinoid or Retinol? A lower percentage means its gentler, and its typically recommended that you begin with smaller doses as you introduce it into your routine. This one is an automatic winner, thanks to the wonderful cocktail of ingredients. This skincare ingredient can also help address hyperpigmentation by working to fade the appearance of dark spots or blemish scars.. WebIngredients You Should Not Use Together. Overall, Ascorbyl Palmitate is our least favorite vitamin C derivative. Chemically speaking, it is the attachment of a glycerin molecule to the fatty acid calledstearic acid. Luckily, your body produces antioxidants, which are molecules that track down free radicals and help neutralize them. Oxidative stress can lead to a plethora of skin-related troubles, including the loss of collagen fibers resulting in skin sagging, fine lines and wrinkles, and texture changes. If youre new to retinol, you may consider incorporating a retinol-infused moisturizer into your routine like the LOral Paris Revitalift Retinol Pressed Night Cream. The, L'Oral Paris Revitalift Derm Intensives 1.5% Pure Hyaluronic Acid Serum. The experts from SkinCeuticals are here to talk about how to use vitamin C and retinol in your skin care routine. This vitamin does it all, but here are some of our favorite skincare benefits. Benzoyl peroxide kills the acne causing bacteria that lives on the surface of the skin, reducing breakouts. So she suggests using hyaluronic acid to compliment the vitamin-A derivative. WebAbout this item Anti Aging Face Serum, Perfect Brightening Skin & Anti-WrinklesRetinol serum for face as the most popular face & eye serum, which is rich in Vitamin C, Get answers from an expert. This Correcting Complex is "an antioxidant blend that fights against pigment resulting from free radicals from UV ray exposure and pollution," Dr. King says. When it does get into your skin, niacinamides main job is to support your skin barrier. Because retinol can cause skin sensitivity to sunlight, its better to apply it at night and follow with broad-spectrum sunscreen during the day. Vitamin C works by inhibiting an enzyme known as tyrosinase, necessary for the production of pigment, while niacinamide is thought to prevent the transfer of pigment within cells. If used in conjunction with retinol too much exfoliation will occur and youll most likely experience some unwelcome irritation. Pure Obagi In this article, well examine whether or not you can combine retinol with another popular skincare ingredient, niacinamide. Ageing skin - including fine lines and wrinkles, Obagi Sun Shield Matte Broad Spectrum SPF 50, Shop Obagi Sun Shield Matte Broad Spectrum SPF 50, Shop Obagi Daily Hydro-Drops Facial Serum, Skincare To Watch List: The Obagi360 Collection. This formula also contains niacinamide which works to soothe the skin and combat drying effects of retinol. So citric acid is an exfoliant, that can - just like other AHAs - gently lift off the dead skin cells of your skin and make it more smooth and fresh. , to effectively whisk away stubborn makeup and dirt before following up with a gel or cream cleanser for a deeper clean. All rights reserved. If you want to learn even more about which ingredients you should and shouldn't layer, here's a quick guide. And that's a case where less is more. "It is best to avoid other drying agents when using retinoids such as toners, astringents, and medicated cleansers. La Roche-Posay Pure Retinol Face Serum with Vitamin B3. To start, vitamin C helps reduce complexion concerns like dullness, uneven skin tone, acne scars, and texture. Food and Drug Administration. Dark spots occur when individual skin cells overproduce melanin as a stress response. boost collagen production for healthier skin. She has a few caveats for specific combinations too: If using vitamin C and a physical filter sunscreen, she recommends applying the vitamin C first, then your sunscreen. There is also some research showing that citric acid with regular use (think three monthsand 20% concentration) can help sun-damaged skin, increase skin thickness and some nice hydrating things called glycosaminoglycans in the skin. A little goes a long way, according to Dr. Lipner. Main Takeaways: Retinol and vitamin C can be easily and effectively used together, as long as theyre not used at the same time. A vitamin C serum will be most effective in delivering to the cellular level, says Dr. Engelman. Dr. Leslie Baumann in her fantastic Cosmetic Dermatologybook writes that RP is topically ineffective. The retinol works to dimish dark spots and wrinkles. (2005). Oxidative stress occurs when there are more free radicals attacking your skin than your body is equipped to handle with its natural antioxidants. That is probably no coincidence. Individual Vitamins Which Are Better For You? This formula also contains niacinamide which works to soothe the skin and combat drying effects of retinol. This Truth in Aging article details the situation and also writes that all these studies examine BHT when taken orally. A great study in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology compared a bunch of vitamin C derivatives and this derivative was the only one where the study said in terms of stability that it's "similar to AA". No matter how often youre using retinol, be sure youre applying it to clean, dry skin. Use an SPF of at least 30 and add a moisturizing healing cream to your daily skincare regimen to combat sun sensitivity and dryness caused by retinoids. But according to a comparative study done in 1995, citric acid has less skin improving magic properties than glycolic or lactic acid. Read more: Multivitamins Vs. Retinol exfoliates the skin, revealing brighter, more even skin underneath. The bottom line? Our Recommendations on How to Keep Your Skin Hydrated During a Long 20 Best Niacinamide Serums to Try Today, According to Our Editors. If your oil glands tend to overproduce sebum, this likely contributes to breakouts. Featuring an oil-jelly texture, the formula is also made with non-comedogenic hemp, quinoa, and chia oils to nourish your skin without clogging your pores. Vitamin C is a great skin care ingredient because it's safe to use on any skin type and has a ton of incredible anti-aging, hydrating, and brightening benefits, Dr. Shuting Hu, a cosmetic scientist, formulator, and founder of skin care brand Acaderma, previously told TZR. Cookies, related technologies and device identification are used for Personalized Advertising. If you are unsure what amount would work for your skin needs, consult a dermatologist. Remember: Use your vitamin C followed by SPF in the morning and your retinol followed by moisturizer in the evening. How Does Using All Three Ingredients Together Benefit Your Skin? How to Combine Vitamin C, Retinol + Hyaluronic Acid. Got adult acne? However, your skin can prematurely develop fine lines and wrinkles due to oxidative stress. Well, it depends on which ingredients youre talking about. When you ingest vitamin B3, it helps your body properly digest food, and it contributes to your skin health. Both vitamin C and retinol can be found in several different formulations serums, moisturizers, oils, sunscreen, cleansers, makeup, and so on which can make using the both of them even more confusing, especially because your personal skin needs will help determine which formula is best for you. After your serums have fully absorbed into your skin, follow up with a broad-spectrum SPF of 30 or higher before you begin your makeup routine. This advanced-strength retinoid serum fights congested skin, the appearance of aging skin, and helps the complexion to have a smoother look. Modern advancements in skin care technology can safely combine certain forms of vitamin C and retinol, and Suarez notes that these products are specifically formulated to be applied in unison. By clicking Submit, I confirm I am a US resident, 16+, and (1) agree to Skincare.coms Terms of Use and to receive communications from Skincare.com and other L'Oral brands and programs, including promotional emails; and (2) have read and acknowledged Skincare.coms Privacy Policy and Notice of Financial Incentives. It provides your skin with fabulous moisture, making it feel hydrated and look dewy. Hyaluronic acid is gentle and can be used on all skin types, including sensitive. Niacinamide and retinol work well together. ", Green Machine Vitamin C + Green Superfoods Jelly Serum. Leung AK, Barankin B, Lam JM, Leong KF, Hon KL. Required fields are marked *. A form of vitamin E that works as an antioxidant. Just like how retinol can be too strong, Mraz Robinson warns that we should watch for redness, inflammation, [and] excessive dryness when combining ingredients. I recommend my Retinol Reform to anyone looking to add retinol to their daily skincare routine. DONT COMBINE: Vitamin C + Retinol. The type of sunscreen you use can affect your skin care routine. There are a wide-range of vitamin C derivatives (e.g. 14 Moisturizers With Vitamin C to Improve the Look of Discoloration What to Expect During an Annual Skin Check, According to Dermatolog Why Do Pimples Pop Up in Clusters? It's a commonsynthetic antioxidant that's used as a preservative.There is some controversy around BHT. While antioxidants cant take the place of a preventive sunscreen, they can boost your sun protection. Use it after cleansing, toning, and exfoliating your skin. Retinol can be drying. "It will both penetrate better and reduce the chance of irritation.". Comes from coconut oil and glycerin, its light-textured, clear, odorless and non-greasy. Even so, its incredibly important to wear sunscreen daily when using a retinol product. Again, apply your product of choice on clean, dry skin, and let it dry before proceeding with the rest of your routine. We look into their products and, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Her home is overrun with old books and demanding houseplants, and shes accepted her best life comes with a fine patina of dog hair. Niacinamide is a powerful antioxidant that, when used topically, may neutralize free radicals and help reduce the look of signs of aging on your skin. I use Azeliac acid in the am and tretinoin in the pm. By now youre probably wondering: if vitamin C and E is good, and vitamin C and ferulic acid is too, what about a combination of all three? [Its both] hydrating and soothing, without standing in the way of the retinols ability to do its job.. What are retinoids and how do they help your skin? These products cause further irritation," mentioned Dr. Lipner. The productderived from vitamin A and commonly used in its over-the-counter form, retinoltreats acne, fights fine lines and wrinkles, unclogs pores, and evens skin tone. Its an antioxidant and a critical factor for collagen synthesis, Dr. Hadley King, a clinical instructor of dermatology at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, tells TZR. Al-Niaimi F, et al. Dermatology: how to manage acne vulgaris. Hyaluronic acid is a star in the skincare scene, and for good reason. The potent formula and ultralight fast-absorbing formula can be used day or night. Retinol, in the form of vitamin A, can transfer to the fetus prenatally through the placenta and postnatally through breast milk. See additional information. Second, your skin barrier helps to keep moisture in your skin and prevent trans-epidermal water loss. You can definitely use retinol and vitamin C in your skincare routine, but it's probably best not to use them at the same time if you want to avoid irritating your skin. But try to stagger when you use them and reduce how much you manually exfoliate as well. By using vitamin C, retinol and hyaluronic acid together, youll receive all of the benefits detailed above. Like vitamin C, retinol also has to be stabilized to provide any real benefit. Which do you apply first, retinal or hydro drops? However if youre using a retinol and not partnering it with the correct ingredients, you might be experiencing some frustrating side effects, including erythema (redness), irritation and dry skin. "It contains vitamin C and also bakuchiol an extract of the Babchi plant used in Ayurvedic medicine. Dr. King notes that another excellent option that combines vitamin C with a retinol alternative is Ghost Democracy's Lightbulb vitamin C serum. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. This phytonutrient powerhouse contains evening primrose, fermented green tea, and hemp-derived cannabis oil. Read more: 15 Retinol Facts That You Probably Didnt Know. can spark these effects in sensitive skin., Luckily, niacinamide is well-known to soothe irritated skin because it supports the skin barrier. Some of " It's aclear oily fluid that is used in skincare as a nice anti-inflammatory and soothing ingredient. Regarding the skin-brightening properties of pure vitaminC, this is another magic property AP does not have, or at least there is no data, not evenin-vitro,about it.
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