Information submitted to the project shows the importance of self survival skills. Rapid intervention team or RITs, also known as RICs or RIDs, are a type of firefighter assist and search team that will scope out conditions and then forcibly enter a building. 0000002969 00000 n What type of technology can be developed to correct or assist with this identified occurrence? The data. A third change in rapid intervention crews is using a two-phase approach. Firefighters who are in the second half of their shift or working over-time or working more than their normal shift have an increased risk of being a mayday victim. There's information on fitness, gear, interviews, tests and more. Depending upon how your radio and system is programmed, pushing the button may cause the mike to be keyed (among other features) essentially shutting down the channel. While on-duty deaths are decreasing, the requirements for initial and ongoing training have increased. Michael Ward, Fire Science Program Head, Northern Virginia Community College. The first due company doesnt have all these advantages and therefore needs to conduct a good size upand determine a clear understanding of what they have and what they are doing. Are you confident today in their abilities? NFPA 1407 Standard for Training Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews took the two-in/two-out safety rule further and defined training procedures and skills needed for firefighters to operate as part of a rescue team. 0000002072 00000 n 0000002103 00000 n 0000006834 00000 n -Did you have confidence in your RIT team? NFPA statistics show that most fires in sprinklered buildings are controlled prior to fire department arrival by the activation of one or two sprinkler heads. One of the most overlooked tools to be an expert on is the RIT bag. Is it automatic? With the incorporation of the Universal Air Connection (UAC) onto all Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) manufactured after 2002 in compliance with NFA 1981 (Standard on Open Circuit Self Contained Breathing Apparatus for Fire and Emergency Services), the fire service has the ability to connect any manufacturers RIT bag using the UAC to any other vendors SCBA. 0000007632 00000 n 0000007348 00000 n Why should a fire department have an RIT team in the first place? As we mentioned, the steps will be issued by the IC. They should be the best trained, best equipped, psychologically hardened and physically fit individuals accessible. a. It requires that every agency has a standard operating procedure or guidelines in place for RIC operations. 52:27D-25k) Next, its time to assign tasks to the rest of the RIT team. Different terms are used to describe these rescue personnel, such as Rapid Intervention Crew, RIC, a Rapid Intervention Team, RIT, or a Firefighter Assist and Search Team, FAST. The NFPA uses the term RIC but regardless of what your department calls this team, they are designated at the scene as soon as possible, and once resources allow. Chiefs are quick to remind the troops to train-but chiefs and command officers must also participate by doing their role during training-as well as separate regular training for command officers in command training centers. interacts online and researches product purchases When the bell is sounding-it may be too late. You, the visitor, should assume that any and all links on this website are affiliate links. Copyright 2023 FireRescue1. xb```f``>cBGq>p\PrR5AKT$m@ /,!\p!EYI2B4C]@ , Having the building survey allows the RIT team manager and the IC to plan the best means of entry and escape from the building. Here is an overview. 0000000016 00000 n A rapid intervention team (RIT) must have a thorough knowledge of basic and advanced search procedures to be effective at reaching the downed firefighter quickly. Rapid Intervention Team Size-up and Actions Fire-Based EMS: The Role of Ambulance Crews on the Fireground Once the rescue plan was ordered, its success rested on the ability of each company. FAST; Firefighter Assist and Search Team b. RIT; Rapid Intervention Team (B) Statistics (1) Number of Fires is down (2) Number of Injuries is up (3) Number of Line of Duty Deaths are the same (C) Authority (1) P.L. RIC teams were running out of air during the firefighter removal phase. However, this does not impact our reviews and comparisons. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS -Poor or no communication. most said no. When a Mayday occurs, its too late to start writing things down. startxref During this process Tarver radioed the IC telling him that he was lost in the back of the building. Rapid Intervention Teams. Departments should consider multi-chiefs on the first alarm of a reported fire, and consider auto-aid command officers as well. Rapid Intervention Team Fire Department Town of Menasha May, 2004 Standard Operating Guidelines Section 27 Page 1 of 8 Last Revised 12/12 27.01 Purpose: To provide guidelines for the rescue of fire department personnel operating at emergency incidents. Copyright 2023 so gang, thats just a brief summary of whatDonpresented-some eye opening stuff. Most are spinal cord or head injuries. Required DCA Commissioner to establish a mandatory incident management Ive also a written articles for FireRescue1 and Fire Chief. In several mayday events the firefighters had to force entry and then fell directly into the basement as they made entry because the floors had been removed by scrappers. This guideline outlines a procedure that ensures the risks faced by our personnel are minimized through sound risk management practices and safety procedures. A bulk of the firefighters who find themselves in a Mayday situation are able to effect a self-rescue. THE FISCAL COST OF A MAYDAY. It doesnt matter what kind of equipment they have on the fire truck; if a firefighter is stuck in a room on fire without an exit, they too could succumb to serious injuries and likely death just the same way any civilian could. 0000006929 00000 n Day Two: Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week: Day Two- Building Knowledge = Fire Fighter Safety, Day Three: Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week: Day Three-The New Rules of Engagement, Day Four: Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week: Day Four -The New Fire Ground, Day Five: Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week 2011: Day Five: Near-Misses, Maydays and Floor Collapses, Day Six: Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week 2011, Day Six; From Waldbaums to Hackensack-Worcester to Charleston; Legacies for Operational Safety, Day Seven: Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week 2011, Day Seven; Fire Fighter, Fire Officer and Command Training and Preparedness, Filed Under: In the Streets Safety & Survival, Tags: 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives 2011 Fire/EMS Safety Week Training Resources 2011 Focus: Surviving the Fire Ground Fire Fighter 2011 Planning and Resource Aid for Training Deliveries 2011 Safety Health and Survival Week Adaptive Fireground Management bailout bailout Ropes Bret Tarver LODD Bret Tarver LODD Mayday building construction Building Construction for the Fire Service Buildingsonfire Buildingsonfire.com Chicago1222 Chris Naum Christopher Naum Collapse collapse rescue operations Commandsafety.com commercial building Commerical Building commerical fire Dumpster fire engine company operations Everyone Goes Home Program Extreme Fire Behavior FD strategies and tactics fire behavior fire extension Fire fighter LODD Fire Fighter Safety Week Fire Fighting Fire Load Package fire loading Fire Officer & Command Preparedness Fire Suppression Fire/EMS Safety Health & Surival Week 2011 Fire/EMS Safety Health and Survival Week 2011 Day Seven Fire Fighter Fire Officer and Command Training and Preparedness Fire/EMS Safety Health and Survival Week 2011 Days One thru Seven Training and Preparedness firefight LODD Firefighter Injuries Firefighter safety & health firefighting Fireground Operations In the streets LODD Mayday Mayday Training mayday-prevention program Mike Ward Multiple Alarm National Fire Fighter Near Miss Reporting System 2011 Safety Week Resources National Near Miss Reporting System Near Miss Reporting System NIOSH NIOSH Reports Phoenix AZ FD Southwest supermarket fire Phoenix FD Report #01-04530 Phoenix FD Southwest Supermarket Final Report Preventing the Mayday RIT RIT and FAST operations RIT Training Roof Systems Safety and Survival Safety Health and Survival Section Search and Rescue Sixteen Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives Southwest Supermarket fire 2001 Stages of fire development: standard operating procedures Strategy and tactics Surviving the Fire Ground Fire Fighter Fire Officer and Command Type II Non-Combustible, Dedicated to the Art and Science of Building Construction, Firefighting and Command Risk Management for Operational Excellence and Firefighter Safety. Not all firefighters will operate on a Rapid Intervention Crew, but they should all understand the purposes, policies, and rules governing a RIC, including the conditions under which it would be deployed. pb{".!8K$Z+z@-q Theyll also select a radio channel or channels for the team manager and the rest of their RIT team to communicate with the IC. Initial Rapid Intervention Crew (IRIC) Two members of the initial attack crew who are assigned for rapid deployment to rescue lost or trapped members. They must be ready to unkink the line as needed. 614 Billion. -Average RIT removal takes 19 minutes: Crews are going to be out of air, crews are going to be tired, crews will need to be replaced. A second alarm includes an additional two engines and ladder for RIC. 0000001323 00000 n FireRescue1 is revolutionizing the way the fire service community As a member of a Rapid Intervention Crew, you must have solid training and a lot of practice. The rapid-intervention team (RIT) is the last hope that we have when immediate crews can't affect the rescue or when the firefighter is unable to rescue him/herself. If a firefighters SCBA equipment runs low on air or if all the air is depleted, they could risk asphyxiation from the choking dark smoke a fire creates. Firefighters might be able to rescue themselves thanks to the points of entry and exit the RIT team created. At the sector level of the incident management system, company officers are required to wear two hats. OVERTIME SHIFT? NFPA 1407 provides a model SOP to use. The use of Rapid Response Teams is perhaps the most dramatic of the six strategies at the heart of IHI's 100,000 Lives Campaign. Maybe they put a rubber lock cover on the handle or use another method, but the door must remain a point of entry and exit for anyone in the building. If you would like to contactDonabout the entire MAYDAY presentation, he can be reached here: [emailprotected]. (Reference: Excerpts from the original article by Steve Kreis and FireTimes.com, LLC. %%EOF 7 However, as years elapse from the time of basic training, this . 0 Day One: Fire/EMS Safety, Health & Survival Week 2011: Day One- Are You Ready? RIT members must be proficient at the use of basic hand tools, hydraulic tools, airbags, reciprocating saws, manual jacks, and shoring operations to name a few of the tools that may have to be used in a firefighter extrication. What does your fire dispatch center do and send? 90% are rescued by someone(s) already operating inside the structure. From new electronic technology to operational procedures, communication is nearly always identified as a problem. Based on research showing that patients often exhibit signs and symptoms of increasing instability for several hours prior to a cardiac arrest changes in breathing, heart rate, or mental status, for example the idea is to rescue patients early in their . Based on radio reports of deteriorating conditions inside the building from E14 and other companies the Incident Commander (IC) considered a switch to a defensive strategy and started the process of pulling all crews out of the structure. Copyright 2021 Action Training Systems | All Right Reserved | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use, Innovative Training Systems for Emergency Responders, ATS The Basics of Rapid Intervention - 3 Title Series on USB, ATS Firefighter I & II - 33 Title Series on USB, ATS The Basics of Rapid Intervention - DVD 3-Title Series, Online Interactive Courses FIRE Catalog, Wildland Urban Interface Firefighting for the Structural Firefighter, Online Interactive Courses EMS/CAPCE Catalog, Online Interactive Courses INDUSTRIAL Catalog, The Action Training Systems Emergency Responder Blog, understanding of fire behavior, ventilation strategies, and tactic. CONDUCT A 360: -#1 issue is the lack of a 360 view: 50% of mayday events had no 360, another 23% or 73% of all maydays had an incomplete 360: Completing a 360 and announcing the results of that 360 is a critical foreground factor and should be department policy. Who does what? 0000007486 00000 n 1995, c.266 (N.J.S.A. Trying to remove the 260-pound firefighter was nearly impossible for rescue team members. If youre reading this blog my guess is you are interested in the fire service. Fire department command level response should be designed to address this and provide an IC early in the incident so company officers can be company officers. . During the Houston RIC operation, two heavy rescue company firefighters became disoriented, low on air and had to rescue themselves. trailer Victims and firefighters eager to escape might be near a door but unable to get out, so they wont be far away, and rescue should transpire easily. Even with pre-planning and surveys, conditions can rapidly change in a fire, leaving a firefighter stranded in a dangerous situation with no way out. Isnt it taking away from the number of firefighters who can actively put out fires? A 3000-psi SCBA bottle has 18.7 minutes of air (plus or minus 30%). The time saved at reducing the search time can be time used at completing an RIT bag change and extrication if needed. in the city. Members should be knowledgeable in specific areas, such as: A proactive RIC team will have equipment and tools prepared and positioned in the most accessible locations on the fire scene. They have to be, as its risky for others besides firefighters to safely go into a burning building. http://www.firetimes.com/printStory.asp?FragID=8399 ). You will be redirected once the validation is complete. -Emergency buttons are for when you cant talkhowever, when you CAN talk, talk!dont press the button if you can talk. Other names for a FAST team are rapid intervention teams or RITs or rapid intervention crews or RICs. To soften a building means the RIT team will take off a windows security bars and break down doors using forcible entry. One is disoriented and the other one is unconscious. Suicide in young people is a global public health threat. Should be familiar with creating access in all building construction types. MAYDAY TRAINING -Dont make every mayday drill a rescue event, have a body recovery, pull everyone out, do a par, regroup etc: Some Maydays are tragically, recoveries, so if all our training results in a successful rescue you will never be trained or prepared for the transition from rescue to recovery efforts. Phoenix suggests that it would be more effective to send more command officers to a fire event to function as sector and division commanders and allow the company officers to command their companies. *=5~ }AW):'=18:3*Wz9V\nzs@t`f2P`x LV.8FXHD3Ji>0Ba qcUjAa^aSC9{M Members of your RIC should be considered your elite firefighters. Then the RIT team will be off to the building in question. Multidisciplinary Rapid Response Teams (RRT) or Medical Emergency Teams (MET) are groups of hospital personnelnurses, critical care nurses, respiratory therapists, and physicians (with MET always including an MD)that promptly bring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) level care to acutely deteriorating inpatients outside the ICU. The average SCBA time was 18.7 minutes. www.firehouse.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. In that event, it was 5:00 in the afternoon, the grocery store was full of people and fire was extending through the building. This fact highlights and re-enforces the importance in every firefighter being trained and drtilled in saving their own procedures. For many of you, the conditions, outcome and lessons learned from the Southwest Supermarket Fire, maydays and the Line of Duty Death of Phoenix (AZ) firefighter Bret Tarver in 2001 are as fresh today as they were ten years ago and certainly as relevant as when many of us first read the Final Report issued by the Phoenix FD. Some of the highlights of the study identify some interesting and concerning points. Medical rapid response teams (RRTs) were first promoted as standard of care within hospital medicine by the 100,000 Lives Campaign of 2004. The primary reason for the establishment of a rapid intervention team is to find and rescue lost, trapped or injured firefighters on the fireground. The Phoenix Fire Departments Deployment Committee has a sobering message to their firefighters operating in large buildings, like a 7,500 square foot warehouse: If you extend an attack line 150, get 40 feet off the line and then run out of air, it will take us 22 minutes to get you out of the structure. The lesson to remember is not to get off the fire attack line. In 2016, 3M Scott introduced the concept of multiple-sized RIT bags. 0000006091 00000 n By listening to scene reports they will know where members are within the structure and what operations they are performing. Select the option or tab named Internet Options (Internet Explorer), Options (Firefox), Preferences (Safari) or Settings (Chrome). If not, stay off the air. Training may include blacking-out SCBA masks or using artificial smoke to reduce visibility, navigating an unfamiliar obstacle course, or adding noise to create stress and tension. 1442 49 FOLLOW US ON: TWITTER: @TheSecretList @BillyGoldfeder FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Firefighter-Close-Calls-Home-of-The-Secret-List-199328763573/ SUBSCRIBE DIRECTLY TO THE SECRET LIST: http://firefighterclosecalls.com/. Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week: Day Two- Building Knowledge = Fire Fighter Safety, Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week: Day Three-The New Rules of Engagement, Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week: Day Four -The New Fire Ground, Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week 2011: Day Five: Near-Misses, Maydays and Floor Collapses, Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week 2011, Day Six; From Waldbaums to Hackensack-Worcester to Charleston; Legacies for Operational Safety, Fire/EMS Safety, Health and Survival Week 2011, Day Seven; Fire Fighter, Fire Officer and Command Training and Preparedness, 2011 Fire/EMS Safety Week Training Resources, 2011 Focus: Surviving the Fire Ground Fire Fighter, 2011 Planning and Resource Aid for Training Deliveries, Building Construction for the Fire Service, Fire/EMS Safety Health & Surival Week 2011, Fire/EMS Safety Health and Survival Week 2011 Day Seven Fire Fighter Fire Officer and Command Training and Preparedness, Fire/EMS Safety Health and Survival Week 2011 Days One thru Seven Training and Preparedness, National Fire Fighter Near Miss Reporting System 2011 Safety Week Resources, Phoenix FD Southwest Supermarket Final Report, Sixteen Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives, Surviving the Fire Ground Fire Fighter Fire Officer and Command. What does an RIT team do? According to the United States Fire Administration (USFA) Special Report: Rapid Intervention Teams And How to Avoid Needing Them, the basic techniques taught during entry level firefighting programs describe how to escape a zero-visibility environment using only a hose line. 0000006790 00000 n This also re-enforces the importance of a fixed command post where someone(s) can watch the incident, track resources and monitor radios in a controlled environment. They must be capable of handling almost any situation presented in a calm, persistent manner. If the fire departments hose line kinks up, then the firefighters will lack the appropriate water pressure to do their jobs. Many of the RIC team members ran out of air during the training evolutions. 0000000991 00000 n Thats why firefighters are always chosen to be part of what are known as firefighter assist and search teams or FAST. Thats what their radio is for. 0000002381 00000 n Do Not Sell My Personal Information, If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browsers Help menu, I cant breathe: Patient dies after 5 Calif. FF-medics violate policy, Chief shares details about Calif. firefighters' strip club scandal, Fla. FF files complaint over photo of chief with 'Hitler-style mustache' giving Nazi salute on duty, Video: 6 DCFEMS members placed on leave after physical fight on scene, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). As a leading fire authority, the NFPA produces guides on RIT team rules. 35 0 obj <>stream When the RIT team arrives at the site of the fire, theyll assess the building for several criteria. It should be tuned to the appropriate channels. They must have experience dealing with entrapments, entanglements, floor collapses, confined space challenges, and below or above ground rescues. The RIT teams were equipped and deployed as if this is was a working fire. can go by many names. Usually, only one member of the RIT team will soften the building while the others take care of other tasks. There were a dozen maydays sounded during the rescue effort, and one PFD firefighter was removed from the supermarket in respiratory arrest. Research, evaluation and aggressive training/drilling helps determine what is best-and not-when your FD (and your mutual aid partners) experience a mayday. The IC deployed two companies as Rapid Intervention Crews (RICs) through the front access point to no avail. That alone proves how important an RIT team is! The drills showed that a 3000-psi SCBA bottle was good for 13.09 to 24.31 minutes of air. All participants received RIT training before conducting the exercises, The results showed that two-person RITs are insufficient for many rescue scenarios. A thermal imaging camera allows a firefighter to see in ways their eyes cannot, especially when billowing smoke obstructs their vision. FAST; Firefighter Assist and Search Team b. RIT; Rapid Intervention Team (B) Statistics (1) Number of Fires is down (2) Number of Injuries is up (3) Number of Line of Duty Deaths are the same (C) Authority (1) P.L. www.firehouse.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. endstream endobj 1443 0 obj<. COMMAND OFFICERS AND TRAINING FOR THE MAYDAY -Only 23% of Incident Commanders who ran a mayday event had previously participated in mayday drills with their crews. . 0000007969 00000 n The RIT team can now easily get into the building if they have to do a rescue. This search knowledge can only be gained through constant training and understanding of search techniques. -Only 11% sounded the floor or roof before walking on it: Before you take a step know what you are stepping ontomake sure you have a light, tools, TIC etc as all are required in 2016. An Arizona State University statistician analyzed the data. Rapid intervention teams (RIT), rapid intervention companies (RIC), firefighter assist and search teams (FAST), or whatever you call themall serve the same purpose. ROADWAYS -80% roadway incidents victims were not wearing a reflective vests. On March 14, 2001 the Phoenix (AZ) Fire Department lost firefighter Brett Tarver at the Southwest Supermarket fire. 0000005952 00000 n Manage your air and exit before the alarm sounds. -60% had difficulty transmitting on the radio because of radio traffic: Stay off the radio during a Mayday unless your radio traffic is extremely critical. H6 Radio Straps Decon Comfort Functionality, An effective RIT team should work together as a group and approach training evolutions in a teamwork fashion. The presence of a Rapid Intervention Crew on-scene should serve as a reminder of the constant dangers involved in firefighting. You are welcome to share this with everyone. The skills needed for rescue are not complicated or technical, but they need to be continually practiced, and in environments that simulate real rescue scenarios or situations. 1995, c.266 (N.J.S.A. COMPANY OFFICER IN COMMAND? Do training at night/in the dark. This should not be confused with the establishment of a rapid intervention team. (This is the same as a RIT or FAST team). A Rapid Intervention Team (R.I.T.) 25% same crew that was with the Firefighter. Rapid intervention teams (RITs) or rapid intervention crews (RICs) are teams of firefighters who act as standby rescuers on a fire scene. -30% thought about calling the mayday long before they actually did: This part of the study gets into the social and psychological part of the mayday, many firefighters knew they were in trouble long before they called the mayday for fear of being that person needing help, being embarrassed, etc. It can give firefighters a sense of confidence to know that if a fire progresses beyond a certain point, they have a ground team thats overseeing the conditions and will enter the building for rescue. If the alarm sounds-notify command-urgent traffic. The results show that rapid intervention is not rapid: The evolutions also revealed three consistent ratios: The results of the RIC drills reflects the experience Phoenix had during the efforts to rescue Firefighter/paramedic Brett Tarver. All firefighters engaging in interior structural firefighting use SCBAs. Houston Fire Chief Chris Connealy participated in a discussion about the Phoenix RIC drills during the 2003 Change in the Fire Service Symposium. An improved focus on health and physical fitness, driver-operator training, equipment safety, the use of the Incident Command System, and Accountability systems on-scene, as well as an emphasis on the understanding of fire behavior, ventilation strategies, and tactics all play critical roles in firefighter safety. The Phoenix experience is not unique. Copyright 2023 0000006552 00000 n Should the fire situation worsen or otherwise progress, the RIT team manager will indicate that to the IC. -A Firefighter is 62% more likely to have a mayday on an OT shift: A lot of factors play into this, the firefighter may be working with an unfamiliar crew, unfamiliar company, unfamiliar area, in a job or position theydont usually work i.e. PFD obtained three vacant commercial buildings: a warehouse, a movie theatre and a country-western bar. Their duties involve monitoring the situation and aiding in firefighter and civilian rescue if necessary. And 8 other unique firefighter terms. A company officer core competency is to command a fire company. After several unsuccessful rescue attempts, Tarver succumbed to carbon monoxide poisoning from the acrid smoke and was eventually removed from the building as a full code. did you take the time during this safety week to make some progress, identify some new insights, gaps or renewed interests and desire to enhance on your capabilities and strengths? One of the two individuals assigned outside the hazardous area shall be permitted to be engaged in the other activities.". AUXILIARY APPLIANCES -Was the FDC pumped when available? 0000001113 00000 n Thanks toDonAbbott for taking the time to find out the facts vs letting us continue to operate on the myths. -67% of maydays occur where command is mobile (walking around, running around) vs in a fixed location: Many maydays are happening early before a formal/fixed ICS / IC is in place so the Captain or Lieutenant of the first truck is command and operational. At least twofirefightersenter the IDLH environment and remain in visual or voice contact with one and another at all times. The . 0000005813 00000 n Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) A dedicated crew of firefighters that is assigned for rapid deployment to rescue lost or trapped members. Most firefighters get stressful sleep at firehouse, even if uninterrupted by a run, we are sleeping with one eye open. Ideally, every member of the RIT team should have a thermal imaging camera to aide them in search and rescue operations. The average time from mayday to removal was 21 minutes. This OSHA definition requires firefighters to have an initial two-in/two-outapplication when the first interior team makes entrance into the IDLH environment. RAPID INTERVENTION TEAM OPERATIONS STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES Strategic Management of Change By: Sam Hansen, Battalion Chief Vestavia Hills Fire & Rescue Vestavia Hills, AL An applied research project submitted to the National Fire Academy as part of the Executive Fire Officer Program October 2000 2 ABSTRACT Maybe it would be better said this way: when you are the firefighter who is trapped, do you want the best, most capable team coming after you or a team that was just created out front of the structure made from members of different departments with different abilities? -40% of MAYDAYS occur during salvage and overhaul. One thought is no good news in other words, think before transmitting good news so the radio is clear for a potential emergency situation.
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